CHAPTER IV 



BONES AND ARTICULATIONS OF THE EXTREMITIES 

 BONES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY 



The upper extremity, as the artist sees it, begins with the arm. 

 The anatomist includes the shoulder as a part of the extremity. 

 The bones are therefore as follows: 



j clavicula 

 I scapula 

 In the arm. . humerus 



In the shoulder. 



In the forearm. 



In the wrist or carpus 



In the hand. . 



radius 



ulna 



scaphoid 



semilunar 



cuneiform 



pisiform 



ist row.. . 



ad row. . . 



trapezium 



trapezoid 



os magnum j 



unciform 



palm or metacarpus (metacarpal bones) 5 



fingers or digits (phalanges) 14 



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The names of carpal bones are given as follows in Spalteholz's Hand 

 Atlas: 



ist row os naviculare manus. 2nd row os multangulum majus. 

 os lunatum. os multangulum minus, 



os triquetrum. os capitatum. 



os pisiforme. os hamatum. 



Note. The end of a bone which is nearest to the trunk is called the 

 proximal extremity; the other end is the distal extremity. The same terms 

 are applied to surfaces. 



THE SHOULDER OR SHOULDER-GIRDLE 



Scapula, or shoulder-blade (Fig. 49). Placed at the upper 

 part of the chest, behind the ribs (from the second to the eighth). 

 It is flat and irregular in structure, and triangular in shape. 



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