THE ILEUM 143 



separation between the end of the jejunum and the beginning of 

 the ileum. 



The villi and circular folds are all found throughout the ileum. 



The ileum ends in the right iliac region by opening into the 

 large intestine. This orifice is doubly guarded; first, by two folds 

 of mucous membrane strengthened by fibrous tissue, called the 

 ileo-cecal valve; second, by a circular muscle called the ileo-colic 

 sphincter; this is the more important of the two. 



FIG. 109. LIVER, PANCREAS, DUODENUM, SPLEEN AND KIDNEYS, i, 2, 3. 

 Duodenum. 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8. Pancreas and pancreatic ducts. 9, 10, n, 12, 13. 

 Liver. 14. Gall bladder. 15. Hepatic duct. 16. Cystic duct. 17. Common 

 duct. 18. Portal vein. 19. Branch from the celiac axis. 20. Hepatic artery. 21. 

 Coronary artery of the stomach. 22. Cardiac portion of the stomach. 23. Splenic 

 artery. 24. Spleen. 25. Left kidney. 26. Right kidney. Section of pancreas 

 to show ducts. Liver turned upward and stomach removed to show duodenum. 

 (Sappey.) 



The secreting glands of the small intestine are embedded in the 

 mucosa, and are found in every part. They are called the in- 

 testinal glands or intestinal follicles, or glands o] Lieberkuhn. 

 They are tubular in shape, and secrete the greater portion of 

 the so-called intestinal juice. The ferments of the glands are erep- 

 sin, invertase, maltase, etc. The reaction oj the fluids is alkaline. 



In addition to the above, there are small round bodies called 

 solitary glands. They increase in size in the lower end of the 

 ileum where they are grouped in oblong patches the Peyer's 



