204 



ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 



two companion veins (or venae comites) ; large ones have but one, 

 and it sometimes bears a name differing from that of the artery. 

 (Example internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein.) 



The superficial veins do not usually accompany arteries. 

 They lie in the superficial fascia, gathering blood from skin and 

 fascia, and many of them are called cutaneous. Very frequently 

 the deep and superficial veins communicate, through short con- 

 necting branches. 



PRINCIPAL VEINS OF THE HEAD AND NECK 



Deep. From the deep face and cranial cavity; they empty 

 into the internal jugular vein (Figs. 127, 145). 



The internal jugular is a continuation of 

 the transverse sinus (a venous channel inside 

 the skull, which ends at the jugular fora- 

 men). This vein lies on the lateral side of 

 the internal carotid artery in the upper part 

 of the neck, and further down at the side of 

 the common carotid artery, with the vagus 

 nerve between and behind them. (Fig. 127.) 

 It ends by uniting with the subclavian vein. 

 Superficial. From the scalp, ear, and 

 face, bearing the names of the arteries (usu- 

 ally) ; they empty into the external jugular 

 vein which opens into the subclavian. 



There are many veins in the spongy bone be- 

 tween the compact layers of cranial bones, and these 

 communicate by emissary veins with the sinuses and 

 also with the scalp veins. 



FIG. 141. DEEP AR- 

 TERIES IN SOLE OF 

 FOOT. 



i, Medial plantar; 

 2, lateral plantar. 

 (Holden.) 



PRINCIPAL VEINS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY 



Deep. From the hand and wrist; they 

 form ulnar and radial veins (running with 

 arteries of the same name) which unite to form brachial veins. 



The brachial veins in turn unite to form the axillary, and the 

 axillary becomes subclavian (Fig. 126). 



