BACILLI BETWEEN TYPHOID AND COLON ORGANISMS 433 



pigs, and rabbits, which exceeds that of the colon or typhoid bacilli. 

 A number of the bacilli of this group, furthermore, especially those most 

 closely similar to the original B. enteritidis of Gartner, contain an endo- 

 toxin which shows a high resistance to heat, which may explain the fact 

 that illness has occasionally followed the ingestion of infected meat even 

 after preparation by cooking. 



Bacteriological correlation of these bacilli has been attempted, as 

 stated above, by Durham and by Buxton, and more recently by 

 Kutscher and Meinicke. 1 The subject is a difficult one and for ultimate 

 clearness will require much further work. 



Harding and Ostenberg 2 have examined a series of organisms of the 

 intermediate group on various sugars, and find that by the use of 

 xylose and arabinose three definite groups can be established. 



I. Those making aldehyd (red) on fuchsin-sulphite agar with both 

 arabinose and xylose both Schottmuller types A and B and strains 

 of Bacillus enteritidis. 



II. Red on arabinose and not on xylose typhi murium, para- 

 typhoid Gw,yn, paratyphoid Loomis, and three others. 



III. Red on xylose and not on arabinose B. hog cholera. 



This work was carefully carried out and may possibly point toward 

 an ultimate classification. However, the strains employed were too 

 few to permit definite conclusions at present. 



Durham, 3 on the basis of cultural and agglutinative studies, has 

 formulated a classification of the Gram-negative bacilli of the typhoid- 

 colon and allied groups, which, though hardly final, aids considerably 

 in throwing light upon the interrelationships of the various species. 

 Durham's divisions are as follows: 



DIVISION I. Typhoid-like Morphology (motile). 



A. No sugars fermented. Type B. fecalis alkaligenes. 



B. Acid in dextrose, but no gas. Type B. typhosus. Agglutination 

 in typhoid serum. 



C. Acid in dextrose, but gas only when other constituents are favor- 

 able. No acid or gas from lactose or saccharose. No agglutination in 

 typhoid serum. Includes Bacillus "Gwyn" and Bacillus "O" of 

 Gushing. 



D. Acid and gas from dextrose. No acid or gas from lactose or 



1 Kutscher und Meinicke, Zeit. f . Hyg., lii, 1906. 



2 Harding and Ostenberg, Jour, of Inf. Dis., ii, 1912. 



3 Durham, loc. cit. 



