ACUTE ANTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS 665 



mission was accomplished by intraperitoneal injections of a saline emul- 

 sion of the spinal cord of a child that had died during the fourth day 

 of an attack of infantile paralysis during the stage of acute fever. The 

 first monkey injected became severely ill six days after the injection and 

 died on the eighth day. The second animal became paralyzed seventeen 

 days after the injection and was killed two days later. Cultural experi- 

 ments with the substance injected were negative, as were also inocula- 

 tion experiments carried out upon guinea-pigs, rabbits, and mice. The 

 histological lesions produced in the inoculated monkeys were similar 

 to those occurring in children afflicted with the disease. 



An attempt to transmit the disease to another monkey with spinal- 

 cord substance of the animal that was killed resulted negatively. 



Soon after the successful experiments of Landsteiner and Popper, a 

 similar result was recorded by Knoepfelmacher. 1 An attempt to trans- 

 mit the disease from monkey to monkey was again negative. 



Similar positive inoculation results were published, a little later than 

 this, by Flexner and Lewis 2 in November, 1909, and by Strauss and 

 Huntoon 3 in January, 1910. 



Flexner and Lewis, in their work, moreover, succeeded in trans- 

 mitting the disease through several inoculation-generations of monkeys, 

 proving thereby that successful inoculation did not depend merely 

 upon the transfer of an unorganized toxic body, but was due to a true 

 infection. The same workers 4 have ascertained that inoculation may 

 be successfully applied not only by the intraperitoneal route but intra- 

 cerebrally, subcutaneously, intravenously, and by the path of the larger 

 nerves. They also proved that- not only the brain and cord of afflicted 

 animals contains the virus, but that this may be found, during the 

 early days of the disease at least, in the spinal fluid, the blood, the 

 nasopharyngeal mucosa, and lymph nodes near the site of inoculation. 



Landsteiner and Levaditi, 5 meanwhile, experimenting with the virus 

 independently, succeeded in transferring the disease from one animal to 

 others, demonstrated that the virus could pass through the pores of a 

 Berkefeld filter, and showed that the virus was present in the salivary 

 glands a fact which may prove of great importance in possibly estab- 



1 Knoepfelmacher, Mediz. Klinik, v, 1909. 



* Flexner and Lewis, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 53, 1909. 

 8 Strauss and Huntoon, N. Y. Med. Jour., Jan., 1910. 



* Flexner and Lewis, Jour. Exp. Med., 12, 1909. 



* Landsteiner and Levaditi, Comptes rend, de la soc. de biol., Nov., 1909, and 

 Dec., 1909. 



