

CONTENTS 

 INTRODUCTION 



PAOI 



CHAPTER I. THE SCOPE AND VALUE OF BOTANICAL STUDY . . 1 

 CHAPTER II. THE DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS 7 



PART I 



THE STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS 



CHAPTER III. THE MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF LEAVES . 15 



1. The distinctive characteristics of leaves .... 15 



2. The structure of leaves 17 



3. The synthesis of food by light in leaves .... 19 



4. The cellular anatomy of leaves ...... 28 



5. The characteristics of protoplasm ..... 36 



6. The water-loss, or transpiration, from plants ... 43 



7. The adjustments of green tissues to light .... 62 



8. The various forms of foliage leaves 68 



9. The forms and functions of leaves other than foliage . 72 



10. The nutrition of plants which lack chlorophyll . . 82 



11. The autumnal and other coloration of leaves ... 88 



12. The economics, and treatment in cultivation, of leaves . 94 



13. The uses of the photosynthetic food 97 



CHAPTER IV. THE MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF STEMS . 113 

 1. The distinctive characteristics of stems . . . .113 

 2. The structure of stems and support of the foliage . .115 



3. The cellular anatomy of stems 128 



4. The development of stems and leaves from buds . 136 



5. The arrangements of leaves on stems .... 139 

 6. The transfer of water and food through plants 



7. The growth of stems and other plant parts . . 163 



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