CH. Ill, 8] FORMS OF FOLIAGE LEAVES 



69 



the stem (CONNATE-PERFOLIATE) . Such features, for the most 

 part, seem to have a structural rather than adaptational 

 origin. 



The leaves of plants which grow in places where water 

 is scarce or hard to absorb exhibit several features obviously 



u 



FIG. 39. Special forms of tip and base in leaves ; X |. Ficus religiosus, 

 with "drip" point; perfoliate Uvularia; auriculate Magnolia Fraseri; con- 

 nate-perfoliate Honeysuckle ; Caladium. 



related to reduction of transpiration. Such are, reduction 

 in size, already mentioned ; compact or rounded forms, often 

 storing water, as in Cactus; a very thick epidermis, which 

 prevents any loss by direct evaporation ; sunken stomata with 

 an air chamber outside, or else inrolled leaves, with the stomata 



