CH. VI, 5] METHODS OF CROSS-POLLINATION 



289 



which are these : Jr^s^, they are inconspicuous, for they 

 lack colored^corollaTlQdor^ and nectar } g1 ^h proiningnrp a,s 

 they possess beingjiue simply to their abundance.or'tojEe" 

 .ellow ~color ^LJhaJL^nthers. &aw the_male blossoms. 



far exceed in number thejemale. in obvious p om>1ntirm with 

 the_wa^eiulB38 of this method i ^Jfe^ the_^iigmas--ftfe 

 large, often branching-feathe_ry f thus spreading ajgreater net 

 Jor the drifting pollen. ~F^jj^ r the flowers anTTjbrne^ in 

 ways to insure free passage of the pollen without inter- 



FIG. 201. Dimorphic flowers of Primrose ; X 2. 



Pollen from the upper stamens will develop on an upper stigma, and from 

 lower stamens on a lower stigma, but not other ways. (From Bailey.) 



presence of-4eajs. 'JJiusthe flowers unfold 

 before the foliage in the spring, as withmost of ouOriSI 

 or eise^they ncsJifted beyond or above the leaves, as with 

 Pines and Grasses. Fifth*, tjiepollen is found, on micrQ- 

 scopical examination, tpbe light in weight and to spreadjarge i 

 surface, which is even increased, as in Pines, by extension^ 

 "into large empty bladders^ (Fig. 198). 'S$xth, the stamens and 

 pistils are commonly borne in separate flowers ? often upon. 

 diffrrrTTT^pTIinliG r -^^ close- and insuring crogs- 



pn1]jpgt,inr| r While these characters are typical in wind- 

 pollinated flowers, they are not invariable^, for wind-polli- 



