546 



A TEXTBOOK OF BOTANY 



[Cn. XIII 



trast between sjipwy corolla and ^reen calvx, The flowers 

 are pollinated mostly by insects, and dissemination is 

 effected in various ways by animals. 

 Herein are included some eleven impor- 

 tant orders. 



ORDER 13. RAN ALES: THE BUTTERCUP^ 

 AND^njL About 3000 species of trees, 

 shrubs, and herbs, much diversified, but 

 bound together by connecting forms, and 

 having in common separate sepals^petals 

 and stamens, and usually carpels, the 

 two latter often numerous. They include 

 many ornamental and some useful forms, 

 notably the Buttercup family (Ro^/uncu- 

 lacece), with Anemone, Clematis, Lark- 

 spur, Columbine, Peony: the Water 

 Lilies (Nymphceacece) , most beautiful and 

 fragrant of water plants, including the 

 Lotus of the ancients and the great 

 Victoria regia of the Amazon (Fig. 391) : 

 the Magnolias, trees atfd shrubs noted 

 for their large flowers, and including the 

 Tulip tree, valuable for timber (white- 

 Samphire 389 ^^ wood): the Barberries : the true Laurels 

 herbacea; x i (After (Lauracece) , many aromatic, including 

 Sassafras, Cinnamon, Camphor and our 

 native Spice Bush, with the Laurel or Sweet Bay, used in 

 formal gardening : and the Nutmeg, from a tropical tree. 



ORDER 14. PAPAVERALES (RHCEADALES) : THE POPPIES, 

 MUSTARDS, AND KIN. About 2200 species, almost wholly 

 herbs, differing from Ranales chiefly in united 



a limited number of stamens. They include many showy 

 and useful plants. Ill Hie i'uppy family (Papaveracece) are 

 the favorite garden annuals, the Bloodroot, the California 

 Poppy, and Papaver somniferum which yields opium. The 



