CONTENTS 

 VOL. II., PART III. ECOLOGY 



CHAPTER PAGE 



Introduction 485 



I. Roots and rhizoids ........... 492 



1. Soil roots and root hairs . . . . . . . . .491 



2. Water and air roots; rhizoids 509 



Water roots . .......... 509 



Absorptive air roots . . 511 



Anchoring air roots 515 



Prop roots . . . . 514 



Rhizoids 516 



IJ Leaves 521 



1. Chlorophyll and food manufacture 521 



Chloroplasts and chlorophyll ....... 521 



Synthesis ofcarbohydrates ........ 525 



Starch formation . . . . . . . . . .528 



Synthesis of proteins 528 



j Anthocyan 528 



2. Structure and arrangement of chlorenchyma, 530 



3. Relation of leaves to light 539 



4. sAir chambers and stomata . . . . . . , 55 ' 



5^ Protection from excessive transpiration, ...... 5^5 



^Significance of transpiration ........ 5^5 



^ Protective relations of stomata <, ...... 5^6 



sEpidermis 567 



Reduction of surface ......... 577 



v Leaf orientation 5?8 



""Motile leaves . . . . > -579 



Epinasty and hyponasty ........ 582 



Leaf fall 582 



Cell sap and protoplasm .. . 5^7 



Snow and dead leaves ......... 5^8 



6. Variations in form . . . . -589 



Thalloid plants 59' 



Amphibious plants 593 



Land plants .... 598 



Asymmetry and anisophylly ..... 607 



f" Absorption 608 



Water plants 609 



Land plants . 6l 



Epiphytes 614 ( 



Carnivorous plants 616 



V VU 



