36 TOILERS IN THE SEA. 



been observed in the living state," l Dr. Carpenter 

 says, " is more or less deeply coloured ; its tint being 

 in some instances a yellowish brown, in other cases a 

 crimson red. This colour seems in some instances 

 to be uniformly diffused through the whole mass of 

 the sarcode, probably owing to the fine state of 

 division of the particles which possess it ; but in the 

 larger forms it occurs in much larger and more 

 scattered masses, which appear sometimes to be col- 

 lections of granules, and in other cases to be vacuoles 

 filled with a coloured liquid. In the Foraminifera, 

 with many-chambered shells, it is nearly always to be 

 observed that the colour is deepest in the segments 

 of the body which occupy the oldest chambers, and 

 that it fades progressively in the segments which 

 intervene between these and the one that occupies 

 the last-formed chamber, which is often nearly colour- 

 less. There is strong reason to believe that the 

 colouring material is directly derived from external 

 sources, though modified in some cases by the agency 

 of the animal itself." 2 



1 The soft substance of which the body of these animals is 

 composed was called by Dujardin sarcode, or rudimentary flesh, 

 but some authors prefer to call it protoplasm, because, as Dr. 

 Carpenter observes, " it is nothing else than protoplasm, in 

 which every form of animal structure has its origin, and from 

 which it is evolved by a process of gradual differentiation." 



2 " Introduction to the Foraminifera," by Dr. W. B. Car- 

 penter (1862), p. 32. 



