GRAM AND KULTHEE. 25 



a lukewarm state, and of a consistency a little greater 

 than that of milk. It may be flavoured with salt or 

 sugar, according to the horse's taste. 



Gram. This grain, known as chunna, is very com- 

 monly used throughout Northern India and the Bom- 

 bay Presidency. It is objectionable on account of its 

 tendency to cause diarrhoea, and to induce a "foul" 

 and " heated " state of the system, when given in large 

 amounts, say, anything above 10 Ibs. daily. It is best 

 used in combination with oats, Indian corn, barley, 

 or rice in husk. Before being used, it should be, at 

 least, seven or eight months old. It should be given 

 in a broken state and always dry. The practice of 

 steeping gram in water is injurious. 



Kulthee is extensively employed throughout Madras 

 and Bombay. It seems superior, as a food for horses, 

 to chunna, when either grain is used alone ; and, in 

 limited quantities, has an excellent effect on the 

 general condition and coat. On account of the hard- 

 ness of the husk, it has to be given in a boiled state. 

 Only just enough water to cook it should be used, so 

 that, when fully done, the fluid which remains over in 

 the pot, may be absorbed on cooling. The steam 

 should be allowed to escape, so that the kfiltkee may 

 become as dry as possible. When properly boiled, the 

 interior of the grains should be dry and floury, like 

 that of good and well-cooked potatoes. Kulthee is 

 very similar in its composition to gram, and may be 

 used in the same combinations with oats, &c. 



In the Bengal Presidency, it is readily procurable 

 at Hajeepore, which is near Patna, and also at different 

 places in the North-West Provinces. Kulthee which is 



