FOR THE FIELD AND FIELD TRIALS. 39 



and by means of a complicated language of sounds, 

 signs and gestures they are able to concert their mu- 

 tual action in the most accurate manner. In short, 

 the majority of mankind have no knowledge or even 

 suspicion what sort of creature an animal is." 



Darwin, in his great work, the "Descent of Man," 

 has a paragraph in the chapter "On the Affinities and 

 Genealogy of Man" whose import is specially to the 

 point. He remarks : "Some naturalists, from being 

 deeply impressed with the mental and spiritual pow- 

 ers of man, have divided the whole organic world 

 into three kingdoms the human, the animal and the 

 vegetable thus giving to man a separate kingdom. 

 Spiritual powers cannot be compared or classed by 

 the naturalist, but he may endeavor to show, as I 

 have done, that the mental faculties of man and the 

 lower animals do not differ in kind, although im- 

 mensely in degree. A difference in degree, however 

 great, does not justify us in placing man in a distinct 

 kingdom, as will perhaps be best illustrated by com- 

 paring the mental powers of two insects, namely, a 

 coccus or scale insect and an ant, which undoubtedly 

 belong to the same class. The difference is here 

 greater than, though of a somewhat different kind 



