FOR THE FIELD AND FIELD TRIALS. 49 



But, as remarked hereinbefore, so far as the train- 

 ing of the dog for field work is concerned, no ideas 

 can be communicated to him by means of speech. 

 Such things as are useful to him in the struggles of 

 life he learns readily, and such as are useful to his 

 master he is taught with difficulty. 



In his place in domestic life he learns the signifi- 

 cance of what affects his own comfort or interests. 

 He learns to interpret correctly his master's frown or 

 smile, and learns to know by the tone of his voice 

 whether he is pleased or displeased. His watchful- 

 ness, so much and so thoughtlessly lauded as the ex- 

 pression of his devotion to man, is merely the in- 

 stinctive watchfulness necessary to his safety in a 

 wild state, and is a characteristic which he would ex- 

 ercise quite as readily for his own kind and the 

 preservation of his lair as he would for the benefit of 

 man. When he barks at strange dogs or gives warn- 

 ing at night of the approach of strangers it should 

 not be overlooked that he considers his own home is 

 disturbed, though it also may be the home of his 

 master. Much depends on the point of view. 



It may be remarked further that on the one hand 

 while the intelligence of the dog has been grossly 



