FOR THE FIELD AND FIELD TRIALS. 51 



<( run cunning." Setters and pointers sometimes learn 

 to leave the trail of an old cock running down wind, 

 circling around him till they head him ofj and stop 

 his running, and pointing him then accurately. All 

 this is reasoning by the dog over concrete subjects 

 within his immediate observation. If an attempt 

 were made to teach him that x represented an un- 

 known quantity, his mind could not grasp the ab- 

 stract idea, and failure would result. Primitive man 

 displays but little more intelligence. Such as it is 

 and so far as it goes, it is the same in kind as the 

 intelligence displayed by the dog. In either case a 

 vast store of knowledge pertaining to the ways and 

 means of practical living is necessary in the struggle 

 for existence. 



As to his best development, it must be in accord- 

 ance with his own nature. He must have all the 

 liberty which can be consistently given to him, to the 

 end that his bodily and mental powers be developed 

 to their best limits. He must be treated kindly, so 

 that his attachment to his master will be deep and 

 lasting; that is to say, associating with his master 

 and hunting with him as a companion confer one 

 of the highest degrees of pleasure of which he has 



