240 TRAINING THE HUNTING DOG 



no one considers that cruelty is inflicted. One or 

 two cuts from a heavy whalebone whip raises welts 

 on the side of the roadster, and causes a greater in- 

 tensity of suffering than there would be occasion to 

 inflict in all the lessons of the average retriever. 



Anger and violence result in cruelty. When they 

 are exhibited, the trainer is such in name only. He 

 then is unfit to teach, and incapacitates the pupil. 



The best training collar, though called a spike 

 collar, is a combination of both spike and choke 

 collar. Its construction should be simple and its 

 material of the best. The leather should be me- 

 dium weight harness leather, without sponginess 

 or flaws of any kind. For convenience in use, the 

 collar is made in two parts. The longer part should 

 be from 22 inches to 24 inches in length by i| 

 inches in width. An iron oblong, sufficiently 

 large to allow the free end of the strap to play 

 through it, is sewed in one end of the strap. If the 

 ring were used it would allow the strap to twist 

 around ; the oblong prevents it from doing so. The 

 spikes, six in number, are screwed through steel 

 plates on one side of the strap, two to a plate, and 

 are secured by nuts screwed on them on the oppo- 



