148 PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT. 



ical philology and to establish a connection between 

 the latter and comparative philology was Georg Curtius 

 (1820-85), whose influence as teacher equalled that 

 of the great classical masters, and whose Greek Grammar 

 has become a standard educational work in this country 

 as well as abroad. 

 39. The philological seminary with its characteristic 



Extension 



to historical feature of textual and higher criticism was in the 



studies. ^ 



course of the century imitated by similar institutions 

 in other departments of learning. Such were the 

 historical studies, in the narrower sense of the word, 

 within which the academic influence, but also the 

 exclusiveness, of Georg Waitz is prominent. In juris- 

 prudence, i.e., in the law faculty, these seminaries 

 with their exegetical exercises were introduced in the 

 middle of the century, first at Halle ; they exist now at 

 nearly all the German universities. In the departments 

 which deal with economics, statistics, and administration, 

 the first seminary was started at the University of Jena 

 in 1849. Since that time they have become very 

 general. There are also archasological, philosophical, 

 and even art seminaries. The work in these institu- 

 tions or training schools is more defined and severe 

 in proportion as the subjects they deal with are them- 

 selves circumscribed, or as a definite, practical end 

 and aim exists for which the pupil is to be trained. 

 Such is the case in the study of law, and in some 

 branches of those sciences which in Germany are com- 

 prised under the name of " Staatswissenschaften.'* In 

 other departments, such notably as history and philo- 

 sophy, where neither of these two features is well- 



