OF THE SOUL. 247 



in the literature of the schools. Nor did the pedantic 

 formalism in which Kant's solution of the problems was 

 clothed, and the great array of new terms which was 

 employed, help to destroy the first strange impression 

 which many even of Kant's followers, friends, and pupils 

 received on the appearance of Kant's first great work. 

 ISTevertheless in this forbidding formalism, in this abstruse 

 terminology, the great task of nineteenth century thought 

 was for the first time fully grasped and announced. For 

 its solution there was wanted a deeper and fuller 

 psychological knowledge of that so - called material 

 supplied by the senses, and on the other side a much 

 clearer and fuller exposition of the methods of science, of 

 the data of ethics, and of the precepts of taste and rules 

 of artistic creation. To supply these preliminary and 

 indispensable requisites, philosophical thought in this 

 country had in Kant's time already made the beginning. 

 The introspective school, assisted later on by physio- 

 logical research, had, as we have seen, accumulated — from 

 Hartley to Bain — a large amount of descriptive matter. 

 Simultaneously and independently the science of morality 

 or ethics was likewise developed in this country. A 

 minute analysis of scientific reasoning was first given by 

 John Stuart Mill in his Logic ; the principles of criticism 

 and of literary and artistic taste were studied, as we shall 

 see later on, on independent lines in all the three 

 countries. 



Thus about eighty years after the appearance of Kant's 

 first Critique, and mostly if not always without any special 

 reference to Kant's work, the preliminary steps had been 

 taken for a renewed attempt to solve, in a less formal 



