OF KEALITY. 505 



spiritual and emotional on the other. This investigation 44. 



Tlieory of 



would accordingly divide itself into a theory of know- knowiedK- 



° •' _ "^ and belief. 



ledge (Brkenntnisstheorie) and, as its complement, a 

 theory of belief. Lotze prepared this psychological 

 turn which speculative thought has taken since liis 

 time, but he did not follow it up. In distinguishing 

 between the world of forms on the one side and the 

 world of worths on the other, he,* as it were, invited the 

 manifold discussions and investigations which sprang up 

 during the last quarter of the century in all the three 

 countries alike. A beginning had been made in Ger- 

 many long before that time, in both directions, by Kant 

 and by Schleiermacher. To Sehleiermacher the essence 

 of religious thought and life was as much a fundamental 

 probi nn as the essence of scientific thought in the widest 

 sense of the word had been to Kant. For Kant the 

 problem was : How is exact knowledge possible ? For 

 Schleiermacher there stood out the parallel problem : 

 How is Eeligion possible ? In the last chapter I dealt 

 with the former problem ; in one of the subsequent 

 chapters I shall take up the latter problem, which is 

 now engaging, in many ways and from many sides, the 

 attention of philosophers. 



Lotze is the latest thinker abroad who placed the 

 problem of Eeality in the centre of his speculations, 

 who arrived for himself at a definite solution of this 

 problem before he took up special philosophical problems. 

 He is also characterised by developing the twofold con- 

 ception of Eeality — that of the truly Eeal and that of 

 Eeality as it appears in and around us. He answers the 

 question : What is the highest Eeality as such ? and 



