VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY. 81 



nicely over the corneal circumference. The sclera is 

 thickest around the optic nerve entrance, grows 

 thinner at the equatorial region and thicker again 

 anteriorly. The existence of nerves in the sclera is 

 denied by some. 



Episcleritus appears as a swelling near the cornea, 

 dusky red in color and most frequently seen over the 

 insertion of the rectus externus muscle. Gives no 

 evidence of tendency to ulceration or suppuration and 

 looks like a phlyctenule. Irritation and tenderness. 

 Rebellious to treatment. Met with in those of rheu- 

 matic tendencies principally, and therefore constitu- 

 tional remedies are the most valuable, (i.e., remedies 

 for rheumatism), and, locally, atropine, and pilocarpin 

 hypodermically administered. 



Staphlyoma of the Sclerotic. — Before describing this 

 form Avill mention AV/c/vV/.s-, which appears as a general 

 faint pinkish tinge, due to injection of superficial vessels 

 of the sclera. In its later and severer stages this becomes 

 more bluish. If seen early it is hard to distinguish 

 between it, iritis, and conjunctivitis, but the aqueous 

 is clear and no adhesions are present, and that throws 

 out iritis ; and having no secretion, there can be no 

 conjunctivitis. This is another rheumatic accompani- 

 ment, and De Wecker of Paris says in the human being 

 it accompanies the articular rheumatism by preference. 

 Now this inflammation of the sclera, from \veakening 

 €Uid consequent thinning, may lead to staphyloma, and 



