GRAFTING AND BUDDING 315 



In preparing for this, the branch of the stock 

 tree is sawed off at a convenient place, the exact 

 position being determined by the character of 

 the experiment. If we are seeking to make a 

 permanent tree, the graft is implanted upon the 

 limb not more than a foot or two from the trunk. 

 But where it is intended merely to test the cion 

 as to its fruiting possibilities, time being an 

 object, it is placed far out among the smaller 

 branches by what is called the "tongue," or 

 "whip," graft. 



In sawing limbs over an inch thick to serve 

 as stocks, care must be exercised that the limb 

 does not split. In order to avoid this, saw part 

 way through from the bottom, and finish it by 

 sawing from the top. Most persons who graft 

 do not trim the stock after it has been cut, but I 

 have fomid that the cambium layers join much 

 more readily if the top of the stock is trunmed 

 carefully with a knife so that it is smooth all 

 around the edges. Clean incisions heal best with 

 vegetable as with animal tissues. 



In making the "cleft" graft, the stock is split 

 with a grafting tool. The wedge-shaped portion 

 of this tool is for the purpose of holding the cleft 

 open until the cions have been inserted. The 

 cions are cut and connected with the bark usually 

 one on each side of the cleft. When the tool is 



