PREFACE. 



This manual represents the published form of mimeographed 

 sheets, which the writer has used, for some years past, in giving in- 

 struction to his veterinary students. Data relating to the urine of the 

 horse is not abundant and, unfortunately, some of the tests which may 

 be standard for human urine are not reliable for that of the horse and, 

 therefore, require modification. In order to emphasize this fact, the 

 writer has employed the comparative method and asks the students to 

 examine their own urine along with that of the horse and note care- 

 fully the differences in the results. 



The importance of urine examination for diagnosis and prognosis 

 in human medicine is too well known to require emphasis here; but, 

 notwithstanding certain difficulties in the way of its application in 

 veterinary medicine, the writer believes that there is no important rea- 

 son why just as much valuable information may not be derived, in cer- 

 tain cases, from the urine of the horse by an up-to-date veterinarian, as 

 the physician obtains from the urine of his patients. 



Simplification of methods, without too great a sacrifice in accuracy, 

 is essential for satisfactory examination, — especially by veterinarians. 

 The writer realizes that only a short step has been taken in this direc- 

 tion, but hopes that time will lighten the difficulties. 



P. A. F. 



October, 1906. 



PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. 



In the present edition some changes have been made in the text 

 and new material added with the hope of bringing the manual more 

 completely up to date. There is still much to be done in investigating 

 and simplifying the tests applicable to the urine of the domesticated 

 animals and it is to be hoped that more research may be developed 

 along this line. 



P. A. F. 

 November, 1911. 



