60 

 .01 X 25 



X 2000 = 10 grams SO.. 



50 



Relation of Urinary Constituents in Normal Human Urine. 



There is normally a direct proportion within narrow limits, be- 

 tween the solid substances of the urine, which it is desirable to 

 keep in mind. 



Kelation of Urea to total solids 50% or one-half. 



" inorganic matter to other solids 30%. 



" uric acid to urea 2.5% or V^q. 



" nitrogen in urea to total nitrogen 91%. 



" phosphoric acid to urea 12.5% or Vg. 



" chloride of sodium to urea 407o. 



" the sulphates to total nitrogen 18%. 



IX. 

 CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF URINARY DEPOSITS. 



There is generallj" a more or less voluminous deposit in the 

 urine after standing for 24 hours; sometimes this deposit is 

 formed in the bladder and sometimes it forms after the emis- 

 sion of the urine ; it is important to note this fact. Deposits or 

 sediments should not be confounded with calculi. The former 

 have a pulverulent form while the latter have the appearance of 

 grains or granules of greater or less size. 



It is often very easy to determine the nature of the deposit 

 by a microscopic examination, but chemical reagents in some 

 cases give more precise results. 



With the urine containing sediment, shake thoroughly to 

 distribute it, then pour into a centrifugal tube and revolve until 

 the sediment is completely precipitated. Note the reaction of 

 the urine, whether acid or alkaline. Pour off the clear superna- 

 tant fluid. If the urine is acid pursue the following scheme. 



Acid Urate of Soda. If the deposit is more or less red, treat 

 with a little boiling water. If the sediment is dissolved it is com- 

 posed of the acid urate of soda. Caustic potash does not dissolve 



