63 



Pus, (more frequent in alkaline and albuminous urine). A 

 white, dense, mucus-like deposit, not mixing readily with the rest 

 of -^the urine. Caustic potash renders it more viscid, the micro- 

 scope shows pus globules. 



Blood. Determined by the guaiacum test, spectroscope, mi- 

 croscope, or hemin test. 



From the pathologic point of view the presence of urinary 

 sediments generally indicate an alteration of the secretions. 



X. 



Microscopical Examination of Urine. If an immediate ex- 

 amination is desired the centrifuge may be used to cause the 



sediment to separate from 

 the urine ; otherwise the 

 urine is set aside for some 

 hours in a cool place when 

 the sediment gradually 

 settles to the bottom. The 

 supernatant liquid is pour- 

 ed off and by means of a 

 pipette. camel's hair 

 brush or a wire loop a 

 small portion of the cle- 

 FIG. 17. Uric Acid Crystals. ^^^-^ -^ transferred to a 



slide and examined. 



The deposits may be divided into unorganized and organized 

 sediments. 



Unorganized Sediments. In unorganized sediments two con- 

 ditions may be considered : 1st, the urine is acid. 2nd, the urine 

 is alkaline. 



In acid urine look first for crystals of uric acid diverse in 

 form and reddish brown in color. (Fig. 17). Second, crystals of 

 acid urate of soda, yellowish or red. The crystals are badly 

 formed. Third, crystals of oxalate of lime also found in alka- 

 line urine. (Fig. 18.) Fourth, crystals of hippuric acid. Fifth, 

 crystals of calcium sulphate. (4 and 5 are met with rarely in 



