64 



acid urine). Sixth, calcium phos- 

 phate. Make sure of the identifi- 

 cation by reference to charts. 



In alkaline urine look first for 

 ammonio-magnesium phosphates, 

 (Fig. 19), (triple phosphates).. 

 Second, bicalcium phosphate crys- 

 tals. Third, tricalcium or amorph- 

 ous phosphate crystals. Fourth, 

 crystals of sulphate of lime. Fifth, 



crystals of oxalate of lime, (also 

 FIG. 18. Calcium Oxalate. f^^^^^^ -^^ ^^-^ ^^^-^^^^ g-^^j^^ 



crystals of urate of ammonium in the form of yellow colored 

 spheres. 



Fig. 19. Triple Phosphates. 



Crystals of cystin, leucin and tyrosin are sometimes en- 

 countered in acid or alkaline urines. 



Organized Sediments. These are brought more plainly into 

 view if the preparations are stained, although this is not uni- 

 versally practised. Organized sediments may be divided into (a) 

 histologic elements, (b) microbic elements. 



Of the histologic elements there are frequently encountered, 

 1st, epithelial cells from the bladder, from the vagina and from 

 the ureter, their presence has no special significance. If, how- 

 ever, they are present in considerable quantity, a lesion of these 

 parts may be suspected. 2nd, cells from the pelvis of the kid- 

 ney, generally an indication of renal affection. 3rd, cancer 



