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Procedure in Examining a Sample of Urine. 



Experience has shown that the following procedure ex- 

 pedites the work of examination. Pour the urine into a sedi- 

 mentation glass, as some little time may be required for the 

 sediment to settle. After noting the amount, color and translu- 

 cency, take the specific gravity with the urinometer. This may 

 be done in the sedimentation glass. Filter as much of the urine 

 as may be needed for the subsequent tests. While waiting for 

 the urine to filter make the tests for urea and uric acid as the 

 correct reading is not obtained until some few minutes after 

 the tests have been made. Test the reaction with litmus paper 

 or if the degree of acidity is required (human) use the acidi- 

 meter. Test for indican. Thus far the tests may be made just as 

 well with the unfiltered as the filtered urine. 



For the albumin and sugar tests the filtered urine must 

 be used, using two or three different tests for each substance. 

 If albumin is present it should be removed before making the 

 sugar tests. Also before making the centrifuge tests for the 

 chlorides, phosphates and sulphates. This may be done by add- 

 ing a little acetic acid to the urine and boiling it until the 

 albumin is coagulated. Filter out the albumin and use the 

 urine thus filtered for the remaining tests. 



With a pipette remove some of the sediment at the bottom 

 of the sedimentation glass and introduce it into a centrifuge 

 tube filling the remainder of the tube to the required height 

 with the unfiltered urine. Include this with the other centri- 

 fuge tubes used in making the tests for the chlorides, etc., re- 

 volving them in the centrifuge for three minutes. If albumin is 

 present and it is desired to know the amount, it may be det r- 

 mined by the centrifuge method as described in the text. 



For the microscopical examination, prepare a couple of 

 slides from the sediment in the centrifuge tube, after pouring 

 off the clear urine above. It is well, also, to prepare a slide or 

 two from the sediment in the sedimentation glass. After putting 

 a drop or two of the sediment on the slide it may be covered with 

 a cover glass and examined clear or before covering the sedi- 

 ment a drop of dilute Lugol's solution, or safranin or other 

 stain may be added. In some cases the slight tint of the dye 



