HORSESHOEING. 47 



the hair-skin chiefly by the absence of hairs, oil- and sweat- 

 glands, and the presence on its outer surface of fleshy, sensitive 

 iaminse and small thread-like projections called villi. 



The pododerm consists of five different parts : the perioplic 

 hand, the coronary hand, the sensitive laminw (podophyllous 

 tissue), the velvety tissue of the sole, and the velvety tissue of 

 the fleshy frog. 



1. The penoplic hand (Eig. 28, h) is a naiTow ridge, about 

 one-fifth to one-fourth of an inch wide, lying between the hair- 

 skin and the coronary band. Somewhat broader at the toe than 

 on the sides, it broadens out near the bulbs of the heels, over 

 which it passes to end in the velvety tissue of the fleshy frog. 

 It is separated from the coronary band by a narrow depression 

 called the coronary furrow (Moeller). The surface of the 

 perioplic band glistens faintly, and is thickly studded with num- 

 erous thread-like projections called villi, which are from one- 

 twenty-fourth to one-twelfth of an inch in length. The perioplic 

 band secretes the soft horn of the perioplic ring and the 

 perioplic or varnish-like outer layer of the wall. 



2. The coronary hand (Fig. 27, c) lies between the perioplic 

 band and the sensitive laminae or fleshy leaves. It presents a 

 prominent convex band or cushion about three-fourths of an 

 inch wide, which extends entirely around the foot from one 

 bulb of the heel to the other. In front it directly covers the 

 anterior extensor tendon of the toe, and at the sides the lateral 

 surfaces of the os coronse and the upper part of the lateral 

 cartilages, while farther back towards the heels the lateral car- 

 tilages project considerably above both coronary and perioplic 

 bands. The coronary band is more convex (rounded) in front 

 than on the sides of the foot, and is flattened in the region of 

 the bulbs of the heels. Its surface is thickly covered with villi, 

 which are longer and stronger than those of the perioplic band. 

 At the bulbs of the heels the coronary band turns forward and 

 inward along the fleshy frog nearly to its summit. This portion 

 of the coronary band is from one-third to one-half an inch wide. 



