HORSESHOEING. 



51 



Fig. 31. 



protects the foot in front and upon the sides, is known as the 

 wall. In position, course, direction, and an*angement of its 

 parts it simulates the different parts of the pododerm from 

 which it is developed. It extends from the edge of the hair 

 just above the coronary band to the ground ; backward it gradu- 

 ally decreases in height 

 (length), passes around the 

 bulbs of the heels, and 

 turns forward and inward 

 (Fig. 32, d, e, and 34, a, b) 

 to form the bars, which are 

 finally lost in the edge of 

 the sole near the summit of 

 the frog. It thus forms at 

 each heel an angle (Fig. 

 31, d, and 32, d) known as 

 a buttress, which encloses a ^ 

 branch of the homy sole. 

 Externally the wall is 

 smooth, covered with the 

 varnish-like periople, and 

 presents indistinct ring-like 



markings (Fig. 30). Its 

 inner surface, on the con- 



Plantar surface of right fore-hoof: a, a, bearing- 

 surface of the toe; a, 6, bearing-surface of the side 

 walls or mammse; b c, bearing-surface of the 

 trary, presents a great quarters;^, buttress, or angle formed by wall and 

 bar; e, bar; /, sole; /', branches of the sole; g, 

 white line; it passes between the sole and bars and 

 ends at g'; h, horny frog; i, branches of the frog; 

 k, heels, bulbs, or glomes of the hoof; I, median 

 lacuna of horny frog. Between the bars and the 

 horny frog lie the lateral lacunse of the frog. 



number of horn-leaves 

 which are spoken of col- 

 lectively as the keraphyl- 

 lous tissue (Figs. 32, g^ 

 and 35, f). The upper or coronary border of the wall is thin 

 and flexible, and on its inner aspect is the coronary groove, into 

 which fits the coronary band (Fig. 30, f). The lower border 

 of the wall, called the " bearing-edge " or plantar border (Fig. 

 31, a), is the one to which the horseshoe is fastened. By divid- 

 ing a hoof from before to behind along its median line, otiter 



