52 



HORSESHOEING. 



and inner halves or walls are produced, and by dividing the 

 entire lower circumference of the wall into five equal parts or 

 sections, a toe, two side walls or mammae, and two quarters 

 will be exhibited (Figs. 32 and 33). In order to designate these 

 regions of the hoof still more accurately, they are spoken of as 

 outer and inner toes, quarters, and heels. 



The direction (slant) and length of the ivall vary in oiie 

 and the same hoof, as well as 

 between fore and hind hoofs. 

 The portion of the wall of 

 fore hoofs is the most slant- 

 ing, — that is, forms the most 

 acute angle with the surface 

 of the ground, — and is also 

 the longest. Towards the 

 quarters the wall gradually 

 ■becomes very nearly vertical; 

 in almost all hoofs the pos- 

 ,i^ terior part of the quarters 

 slants doAvnward and inward 

 towards the median vertical 

 ~"""\'''' antero-posterior plane of the 



foot. At the same time the 



Wall and bars seen from below: o, toe; 6, wall, iu passiug back from the 

 side-wall, or mamma; c, quarter; d, buttress; ill 



€, bar; g, horn leaves; h, space occupied by toe tO the hCCl, DCCOmeS 



'°^' gradually shorter in such a 



manner that the heights of the toe, side walls, and quarters 

 are related to one another about as 3:2:1 in front hoofs 

 and as 4:3:2 in hind hoofs. The outer wall is, as a rule, 

 somewhat more slanting than tlie inner. Viemng a foot 

 in profile, the toe and heel should be parallel; that is, the 

 line from the hair to the ground at the toe should be parallel 

 to the line from the hair to the ground at the buttress. 

 All deviations of the wall from a straight line (out- 



