104 



HORSESHOEING. 



Fig. 102. 



than in wrought iron. Steel is hard, can be tem- 

 pered, and may be called tempered wrought iron. In 

 order to temper or harden steel, bring it to a cherry- 

 red heat, and then cool it suddenly by dipping it in 

 cold water or wet sand. The tempered steel can again 

 be softened as desired by heating and ''lowly cooling. 

 By heating to a high temperature in a forge wrought 

 iron will become 

 doughy, and 

 may then be in- 

 timately united 

 (welded) with 

 another piece 

 at the same 

 temperature by 

 pressure or 

 hammering. 

 This property 

 is called weld- 

 ability; it is of 

 great impor- 

 tance in making 

 horse-shoes. The 

 heating of iron 

 until it reaches the welding stage is called getting a 

 " heat." The act of welding wrought iron with steel 

 is called " steeling." 



Regarding the tools, the following hints are 

 sufficient : 



Tlie anvil should have a level, smooth, flat steel 

 face. 



Likewise, the round head and flat face of both 

 turning-hammer and sledge should be smooth. 



On the fullering-hammer (Fig. 101) the left side 

 is flat, the right side convex, and the cutting edge has 

 slightly rounded corners.. 



Hammer punch. 



Pritchel. 



