112 



HORSESHOEING. 



Shoe without calks, with perfectly level hoof- and 

 ground-surfaces, and with roll at the toe (flat, rolling- 

 motion shoe). 



Fig. 115. 



Shoe with heel-calks for a front hoof. 



A Shoe with Heel-Calks. — All shoes with heel-calks de- 

 signed for healthy hoofs should be so made and applied that 

 they will disturb the normal setting down of the foot as little 

 as possible, that the wear of the shoe will take place uniformly, 



and slipping be dimin- 

 F^<^- 114. iglied. The toe of the 



shoe must, therefore, 

 be left somewhat 

 thicker than the 

 branches just in front 

 of the heel-calks. More- 

 over, every front shoe 

 with heel-calks must be 

 relatively long, and be 

 provided with consider- 

 able rolling motion at the toe ; that is, the shoe should be turned 

 up at the toe, the bending beginning near the inner edge of the 

 web. The three- or four-cornered, someAvhat conical heel-calks 

 with rounded corners should not be higher than the thickness of 

 the shoe. With reference to the direction of the ends of the 

 branches, we should see to it that they do not rise excessively, 

 but that they assume as near as possible a horizontal direction 

 in passing back to the heels (see Fig. 115). 



A Shoe with Toe- and Heel-Calks. — Such a shoe should 

 be of uniform thickness from end to end, and should have a 

 toe-calk and two heel-calks that are somewhat stronger and 

 longer than the heel-calks of a shoe which has no tocK^alk. If 

 to a shoe of uniform thickness, on w^hich the heel-calks are 

 somewhat higher than those already described, a piece of steel 

 (Fig. 116, b) of the height of the heel-calks is welded at the 

 toe, we have a shoe with toe- and heel-calks. The toe-calk 

 should never be higher than the heel-calks. There are three 

 principal kinds of toe-calks, — ^namely : 



1. The Sharp Toe-Calk. — A bar of toe-steel of proper width 

 and thickness for the toe-calk is thrust with the shoe into the 



