HORSESHOEING. 



113 



Fig. 116. 



fire. When the end of the bar is cherry-red in color it is with- 

 drawn, laid across the straight hardy, and cut nearly through 

 at a point a calk-length from the end. Bar and shoe are then 

 brought to a welding heat, the calk quickly and securely welded 

 across the toe of the shoe, the bar wrenched away, the calk gone 

 over again -with the hammer, when it is immediately beaten out 

 to a sharp edge from the anterior face, either over the far edge 

 of the anvil, or in a foot-vise. The posterior face of a sharp 

 toe^calk should be perpendicular to the ground-surface of the 

 shoe. Machiner-made toe-calks, — sharp, half-sharp and blunt, 

 provided with a sharp spud at one or both ends, are in general 

 use. Their use requires 

 two heats, and the sharp 

 calk is blunted in the 

 welding. 



2. The Blunt Toe- 

 Calk. — It is a rather long 

 rectangular piece of toe- 

 steel, straight, or curved to 

 conform to the toe of the 

 shoe. The shoe-surface 

 and the ground-surface of 

 the calk are of equal di- 

 mensions. It should be 



-r^^l-J^J ^^ :« ^^^ l,„«4- Right hind shoe with toe- and heel-calks: a, heel- 



Welded on m one heat. ealks; 6, toe-calk; c. greatest width of the base of 



3 The Hdlf-SllCLVD ^'^PPO'* ('•''•' contact with the ground) of this shoe 



'^ " when without toe- and heel-calks; d, the greatest, 



Toe-CalJc (Coffin-I/id Toe- and «, the least width of the base of support of this 



„ , . , shoe with calks. 



Calk). — It resembles the 



blimt calk, except that the surface of the calk that Is applied 

 to the shoe is somewhat broader and longer than the sur- 

 face that comes in contact with the ground. It is welded on 

 in one heat. The first and third kinds are most suitable for 

 winter. 



Since heel- and toe-calks raise the hoof far from the ground 

 and prevent all pressure upon the frog, they diminish the 

 8 



