150 



HORSESHOEING. 



4. Shoeing with Peg-Calks.— The calks are merely stuck 

 into the calk-holes, hence their name. Round and square peg- 

 calks are u'sed, but the former are better than the latter. 



The inventor of round peg-calks is Judson, an American. The 

 shoes differ in no respect from the ordinary flat shoes. It is necessary 

 that the tap of the calk have a moderately conical form, and exactly 

 fit into the calk-hole of the shoe. The taper of the calk-tap is correct 

 if for every ten thirty-seconds of an inch in length it increases or 

 diminishes one-thirty-second of an inch in diameter (equal to one inch 

 m every ten inches of length). 



Although the calk-holes may be pmiched in a hot shoe, yet boring 

 and reaming them is much better, because by this method a more per- 

 fect fit can be secured. For this 

 purpose we require a drill (a 

 spiral drill is the best) whose 

 diameter is exactly the same as 

 that of the small end of the 

 calk-tap (Figs. 165, c, and 166, 

 c). After the shoe has been 

 fitted to the hoof, the pro- 

 visional holes are drilled and 

 aftei-wards reamed out from the 

 ground-surface of the shoe with 

 the reamer shown in Fig. 167. 

 Since the tap of the reamer 

 corresponds exactly in size to 

 the tap of the calk, it is evident 

 that the latter must exactly fit 

 and be tight. The wire edge 

 that is raised around the hole is 

 removed with a file, and the edge then smoothed by introducing the 

 reamer a second time. The calks are made of rolled round steel, which 

 has the thickness of the tap-end of the calk. For this purpose we 

 require a calk-mould or matrix, in which one or more holes have been 

 finished with a reamer. A piece of rod steel is heated at the end for 

 a distance nearly twice the length of the calk, is swaged, thrust into 

 the matrix, then broken off, and backset. This will give a blunt peg- 

 calk. If a sharp calk is desired, the upper part of the head of the calk 

 is sharpened in the ordinary manner, although this is accomplished 

 most easily by using a pair of tongs with short jaws that are hollowed 

 upon the inside for seizing the tap of the calk. 



