154 



HORSESHOEING. 



5. The head of the toe-calk must not rest on the shoe ; 

 a space of one-sixteenth of an inch should intervene. 



AATiile a sheer of average mechanical ability can make a 

 faultless peg toe-calk, it is not profitable to do so while good 

 machine-made calks are to be had very cheap. 



Fig. 171. 



Fig. 172. 



Chisel toe-calk. (Doring.) No. 1 from 

 the firm of Branacheid & Philippi, of Rem- 

 scheid.' 



Fig. 173. 



Shovel toe-calk. 



Fig. 174. 



Peg toe-calk shoeing after Fisher-Renker, 

 of Dresden. 



Peg-calk (shovel-calk) after Kunze-Klotzs- 

 che-Konigswald, of Dresden. 



The best forms in use are the quadrangular heads, with 

 oval, half-round (Figs. 171 and 172), and with two taps (Figs. 

 173 and 174). 



In several European countries the peg toe-calks with half- 

 round tap and with two round taps are in use. To make good 

 peg toe-calk shoes and fit the calks properly requires more 

 than ordinary knowledge and skill. Poor work does much 

 hann. Therefore, work carefully and get well paid for it. 



6. Removable Heel-Calks that do not Require Sharpening. 

 — The undeniable fact that all chisel-shaped or pyramid-shaped 



