174 HORSESHOEING. 



formation of horn at the seat of injury, there results a trans- 

 verse depression or cleft in the wall. 



The shoeing has to deal only with the lameness that may 

 he present as a result of the calking. The section of the wall 

 containing the lesion should be shortened, so that it will not 

 press upon the shoe. Serious calk wounds, as a rule, require 

 treatment by a veterinarian. 



4. Corns (Bruised Sole). 



The expression " corns " is applied to nearly all bruises of 

 the pododerm of the posterior half of the foot, with the excep- 

 tion of the frog, which are apparent to the eye as yellowish, 

 reddish, or bluish-red discolorations of the horn of the sole and 

 white line. 



The surface of the pododerm (fleshy leaves and villi) is 

 chiefly involved, and almost without exception there is rupture 

 of small blood-vessels and an outpouring of blood between the 

 pododenn and the horn. The blood penetrates the horn-tubes 

 and causes the above-mentioned staining. By subsequent growth 

 of horn these stained patches are carried downward, and are 

 finally uncovered and brought to sight in paring the hoof. 



T^e seat of corns is either on the fleshy leaves of the 

 quarters, or on the velvety tissue of the sole in the angle between 

 the wall and the bar, or on the fleshy leaves of the bars. Thus 

 we distinguish corns of the wall, sole, and bars. 



Corns afi^ect chiefly the front hoofs, and more often the 

 inner half than the outer. Unshod feet are seldom affected. 



According to the intensity of the lesions we distinguish : 



1. Dry Corns. — The red^stained horn is dry, and there is 

 seldom lameness. 



2. Suppurating Corns. — They are the result of intense 

 bruising followed by inflammation. The pus is either thin and 

 dark grayish in color, denoting a superficial inflammation of 

 the pododerm, or yellowish and thick, denoting a deep in- 



