HORSESHOEING. 183 



correspond to the bearing-surface of the wall; that is, if the 

 bearing-surface of the wall is below the margin of the sole (the 

 sole of the foot being uppermost), then the bearing-surface of 

 the shoe should incline downward and inward (Fig. 200, b). 

 The beaj-ing-surface of the branches, however, must always re- 

 main horizontal. The shoe always requires deep concaving, 

 especially along the inner branch of the sole. If the quarters 

 are weak, the walls defective, or there are corns, cracks, loose 

 walls, or other diseases of the hoof, a bar-shoe should be selected. 



(6) Full Hoof (Dropped Sole). — A full hoof is one whose 

 sole instead of being concave is convex, — ^that is, bulges beyond 

 the bearing-surface of the wall. It either arises gradually from 

 a flat hoof or is the result of laminitis (founder). In full hoofs 

 the lower surface of the os pedis is of the same shape as the 

 horny sole. 



The preparation of a full hoof for the shoe consists merely 

 in removing all loose horn. In case the dropping of the sole is 

 very pronounced, the bearing surface of the Avail should be built 

 up artificially with Defay's hoof cement. The shoe should be 

 light, but broad in the web, and furnished vnth. a more or less 

 deep concaving, which extends from the inner edge of the web 

 to the outer edge of the shoe, and corresponds in shape to the 

 bulging of the sole. By reason of the deficiency of the wall, 

 the bar-shoe deserves the preference over an open shoe. It is 

 frequently necessary to apply toe- and heel-calks to remove the 

 hoof from contact with the groimd. The nails should he thinner 

 and longer than usual, and a more secure position of the shoe 

 may 1^ secured without injury to the hoof by drawing up two 

 side-clips. 



Flat and full hoofs are incurable. Shoeing is of benefit 

 only in rendering such horses serviceable. Soles that are soft 

 and sensitive should be smeared vrith crude turpentine or pine- 

 tar, though unusual sen'sitiveness calls for a leather sole. 

 Horses with full hoofs should not be driven faster than a walk 

 over hard roads. During long-continued spells of wet weather 



