Effect of War on Birds 



captain in the R.F.C., about March gth, 

 1918, ran into a flock of LAPWINGS at a 

 height of 6,500 feet, over the line at Hulloch 

 near Lens (Ibis, 1919, p. 74). Capt. Colling- 

 wood Ingram, in his paper " Notes on the 

 Height at which Birds Migrate," gives some 

 interesting figures obtained from airmen on 

 the Western Front : 



LAPWINGS were observed on fourteen occa- 

 sions at between 2,000 and 8,500 feet, the 

 height in the majority of cases being between 

 5,000 and 6,000 feet. A flock of five hundred 

 DUCK, or GEESE, was observed, on Novem- 

 ber 26th, 1915, at about 11,500 feet. Two 

 large birds, possibly CRANES, were met near 

 St. Omer, in August 1917, at 15,000 feet. 

 Birds resembling LINNETS were seen over 

 Bethune, on August 22nd, 1917, at a height of 

 10,000 feet. About fifty ROOKS, JACKDAWS, 

 or CROWS were noted over Lens, in March 

 1917, at 6,000 feet, and " six birds about the 

 size of ROOKS " over Arras, at 3,000 feet, on 

 July loth, 1918. STARLINGS and FIELD- 

 FARES (or REDWINGS) were observed at 3,000 

 feet in March 1917. Some species of SAND- 



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