PICIDAE 



463 



head, crest and rump, black tail, neck and wings, and dark brown 

 under parts with white spots. Celeus ranges from Mexico to 

 South Brazil, C. flavus being canary-yellow with brown tail and 

 wings, a large crest of the former colour, and a crimson stripe at 

 the gape. This genus, and the five following, are characterized 

 by having the neck extremely narrow and compressed. 



Campephilus, ranging from the Gulf States and the Lower 

 Mississippi to Argen- 

 tina, and Ipocrantor, 

 of Chili and Pata- 

 gonia, are noticeable 

 for the concave ends 

 of their tail-feathers. 

 C. principalis, the 

 Ivory -billed Wood- 

 pecker of the 

 Southern United 

 States almost the 

 largest member of the 

 Family frequents 

 the highest timber, 

 where, according to 

 Wilson, it used to 

 strip off cart-loads 

 of bark, and make 

 huge quantities of 

 chips. It appears, 

 however, that it only 

 attacked trees infested by 

 insect-larvae. When it was 

 common the Indians used the 

 head as a charm, and con- 

 sidered that it gave them the 

 creature's courage. Its main 

 colour is bluish-black with white wing-markings ; the crimson and 

 black occipital feathers together forming a long crest. Both this 

 bird and the Pileated Woodpecker of North America (Dryotomus 

 pileatus) are locally known as " Log-cocks," with which name may 

 be compared that of " Stock-eagle," i.e. " Stump-eagle," given in 

 the West of England to the Greater Spotted Woodpecker. Ipo- 



FIG. 96. Great Black Woodpecker. Picus 

 martins, x \-. (From Bird Life in Sweden.) 



