MOTACILLIDAE 



499 



curved ; though it is stout, with very long hallux, in Macronyx, 

 Xanthocorys, and Neocorys. The wing is commonly elongated and 

 pointed, with the inner secondaries reaching nearly to the end of 

 the primaries, but it is shorter and more rounded in some species 

 of Anthus. The tail is very long in Wagtails, but moderate 

 in Pipits, being generally somewhat emarginate. 



Wagtails range over the Old World, but are lacking in 

 Australia and Polynesia ; two species extend to the extreme 



FIG. 108. Yellow Wagtail. Motacilla raii. x . (From Natural History of Selborne.) 



north-west of America, one is accidental in Greenland, and one 

 is restricted to Madagascar. Pipits are almost cosmopolitan, 

 though not found in Polynesia ; only two forms, however, inhabit 

 North America, while one is peculiar to New Zealand, and 

 another to Australia; Anthus ~bogotensis is exclusively Andean, 

 A. antarcticus occurs in South Georgia, A. lertheloti occupies 

 Madeira and the Canaries. 



Wagtails are generally black and white, grey and white, grey 

 with yellow breast (or even head), greenish with yellow lower 



