512 



PASSERIFORMES 



CHAP. 



FIG. 112. Eedstart. Ruticilla phoeni- 

 curus. x A. 



and a white wing-patch; brown replacing the grey and black in the 

 female. Some species are blacker above, one has a chestnut back 

 and no black throat, another has both rump and tail black, and 

 three have blue on the forehead and crown, one of these again 



having a white gular mark. 

 E. moussieri, linking the Red- 

 starts to the Chats, is black, 

 with .orange -rufo vis rump, tail, 

 and lower surface, a white alar 

 spot, and white extending from 

 the forehead to the face. The 

 Robin, 1 Erithacus rubecula, 

 needs no description ; the Per- 

 sian E. hyrcanus hardly differs ; 

 the similar Japanese Robin, 

 E. akahige, has a grey belly ; 

 the Corean E. komadori is 

 orange - chestnut above, black 

 and white beneath. The Blue- 

 throat, Cyanecula suecica, is 

 brown, except for a white superciliary streak, bay tail-coverts, and 

 a bright blue throat with a central rufous spot, to which succeed 

 black, white, and rusty bands, and a whitish belly. C. wolji lacks 

 the gular spot, C. leucocyana has it white. Calliope camtsclmt- 

 censis, C.pectoralis, and C. tschebaiewi, are brown or dark grey, with 

 grey or black breasts, white abdomens, some black and white on the 

 face, and glossy scarlet throats. Daulias luscinia, our summer 

 visitor the Nightingale, and the larger eastern D. philomela are 

 russet-brown in both sexes, with redder rump and tail, and whitish 

 lower parts. D. hafizi of Persia is intermediate (cf. p. 506). 



Our Hedge-sparrow, Accentor modularis, is brown streaked 

 with blackish, and shews bluish-grey on the head, throat, and 

 breast ; but the Alpine Accentor, A. collaris, which rarely visits 

 Britain, has a white throat spotted with black, and flanks mottled 

 with chestnut ; while their congeners exhibit rufous lower parts or 

 pectoral bands, black throats, or whiter wings and tails. EpJithi- 

 anura is grey, brown, black and white above, with the crown, 

 rump, and breast crimson in one species and yellow in two : 



1 The American Redstart is Setopliaga ruticilla (Mniotiltidae), the Cape Robin is 

 Cossypha caffra, the Indian Robin Thamnobia, the New Zealand Robin Miro. 



