vii FRINGILLIDAE 585 



white plumage, that becomes black and white in summer. The 

 Kose-Finches (Carpodacus) of the Eastern Palaearctic, the Nearctic, 

 and the Indian Kegions exhibit fine crimson or rosy tints ;- the 

 Central and South American Pheucticus, and the Western North 

 American Hesperiphona, much black and yellow ; the Cardinals 

 (Cardinalis), of North America, Venezuela, and Trinidad, bright 

 red with black forehead and throat ; Paroaria, which replaces the 

 last-named genus southwards, somewhat like colours. Guiraca of 

 most of America, except the extreme north and south, is mainly 

 blue ; Cyanospiza cyanea, ranging from the Eastern United States 

 to Panama, is even more brilliant ; while the Painted Bunting 

 (C. ciris), of similar range, shews a beautiful combination of blue, 



FIG. 144. Snow-Bunting. Plectrophenax nivalis. x \. 



Ted, brown, and yellowish-green. Volatinia, of Central and South 

 America is black ; Geospiza, Camarhynchus, and Cactornis are 

 the same, or decidedly dull ; Petronia brachydactyla and Passer 

 simplex, of the deserts from North Africa to Persia, resemble the 

 sand in tint. The wild Canary (Serinus canarius) of Madeira, 

 the Azores, and the Canaries not to be confounded with 

 the Cape Canary (S. canicollis) is greenish above with brown 

 striations, and yellowish below. Finally, many sober-hued North 

 American genera, such as Pipilo, Peucaea, and Junco, lead up to 

 the brown-streaked Bunting forms. 



The crimson tints exhibited by the adult male Linnet, when 

 in breeding plumage, afford a well-known instance of seasonal 

 change of colour. It is in consequence indifferently called the 

 Red, Brown, or Grey Linnet. 



