INDEX 



633 



Turnstone, 276 



Turtur, 326, 334, 341 ; T. abbotti, 341 ; 



T. aldabranus, 341 ; T. comorensis, 341 ; 



T. communis, 341 ; T. coppingeri, 341 ; 



T. douraca, 341 ; T. dussumieri, 341 ; 



T. isabellinus, 341 ; T. orientates, 341 ; 



T. picturatus, 341 ; T. risorius, a cage- 

 bird, 341 ; T. restrains, 341 ; T. senega- 



lensis, 342 ; T. semitorquatus, 341 ; T. 



tigrinus, 341 

 Turturoena, 327, 328 ; T. delegorgii, 



343 ; T. iriditorques, 343 ; T. sharpii, 



343 



Turumti, 178 

 Tylas, 504, 505 ; T. eduardi, 533 ; 



mimicry, 533 

 Tympanic cavity, 11 

 Tympaniform membrane, 13, 21 

 Tympanistria, 327 ; T. bicolor, 339 

 Tympanuchus, air-sacs, 201 ; T. ameri- 



canus, 235 ; T. cupido, 235 ; T.pallidi- 



cinctus, 235 

 Tyrannidae, 469, 473, 479, 494 ; habits, 



475 f. 



Tyranniuae, 473 f. 

 Tyrannulus, 474 



Tyrannus, 473-476 ; T. pipiri, 474 

 Tyrant-bird, habits, 475 f. 

 Tystie, 319 



Uintornis, fossil, 465 



Ulna, 8, 8 ; its quills, 22 



Umbrella-bird, 481, 481 



Umbrette, 70 



Unfeathered spaces, or apteria, 2 



Uncinate process, of ribs, 6, 7 ; absent 



in Archaeopteryx, 23 ; in Palamedeidae, 



108 



Upper arm -bone, 8 

 Upucerthia, 486 

 Upupa africana, 397 ; U. epops, 396 f., 



396 ; U. indica, 397 ; U. marginata, 



397 ; U. somalensis, 397 

 Upupidae, 390, 395 f. 



Upupinae, 390, 395 f. ; habits, 395 f. 



Uranornis, 545, 546 



Uratelornis, 378 ; U. chimaera, 378 



Una, 315 ; fossil, 321 ; U. arra, 320 ; U. 

 briinnichi, 319 ; U. calif arnica, sub- 

 species, 319 ; U. troile, 319 



Uroaetus, 146 ; U. audax, 163 



Urobrachya, 577 



Urocichla, 521, 522 



Urocissa, 552, 554 



Urodrepanis, 569 



Urogalba amazonum, 446 ; U. paradisea, 

 446 



Urolestes, 532, 534 



Uroleuca, 552 



Uropelia campestris, 340 



Uropygium, 20 



Urospatha martii, 380 f. 



Urosticte, 427 



Urubitinga anthracina, 168 ; 7. zonura, 

 167 . 



Vanellus, 268-270, 274 f. ; V. 

 275 ; F. chilensis, 275 ; F. coronatus, 

 275 ; F. cristatus, .275 ; F. inornatus, 

 275 ; F. melanqpterus, 275 ; F. re- 

 splendens, 275 



Vanes, 2 



F<wi#a, 533 



Vaulted, of tail, 22 



Vent, 20 



Ventral, 22 



Ventriculus, 12 



Verreaux, on Secretary-bird, 142 n. 



Verreauxia, 464 



Vertebrae, cervical, dorsal, sacral, pelvic, 

 caudal, 5 f. ; of Woodpecker, 6 



Vertebral Column, 5 



Vertebrarterial foramen, 6 



Vertebrata, difference of Birds from other, 

 1 f. 



Vertex, 20 



Vestiaria, 562, 564 ; F. coccinea, 563, 

 564 



Vexillum, 2 



Vidua, 577, 578; V. principalis, 577 



Viduinae, 576 f. 



Vigors, on Toucan, 454 n. 



Vinago, 348, 349 ; F. australis, 349 ; F. 

 calva, 325, 349 ; F. crassirostris, 349 ; 

 F. waalia, 349 



Fireo, 536 



Vireolanius, 536 ; F. melitophrys, 536 ; 

 F. pulchellus, 536 



Vireonidae, 536 



Vireoninae, 531 



Vireosylvia, 536 



Vizor-bearer, 432 



Vogt, on Archaeopteryx, 23 n. 



Voice-muscles, 13 



Voice, organs of, 12 f. 



Volatinia, 585 



Vomer, 11 



Vorondreo, 378 



Vosmaer, on Secretary -Ibird, 141 



Vultur, 143 ; fossil, 145 ; F. cinereus, 

 143 ; F. monachus, 143 



Vulture, 148, 149 ; Bearded, 150 

 Black (of New World), 138, 140 

 Black (of Old World), 143, 145.n. 

 Californian, 139; Eared, 144; Egyptian, 

 145, 145 n. ; Griffon, 143, 144 ; King-, 

 139, 144 ; New- World, 137 f. ; habits, 

 137 f. ; Old- World, 137, 143 f. ; Pondi- 

 cherry, 144 ; White-backed, 145 



Vulturidae, 137, 143 f., 150, 151 



Wagner, on Archaeopteryx (Griphosaurus), 



23 

 Wagtail, 498 f. ; habits, 500 f . ; moult, 5 ; 



