PURPLE-CANE VARIETIES 179 



resembling the black -caps in shape, aromatic, of excellent quality, 

 and productive as far as tested.— Mich. Exp. Sta. Bull. Ill: 260. 



Cardinal (Griesa) . — Originated on the grounds of A. H. Griesa, 

 Lawrence, Kans., in 1888, apparently from the seed of the Shaffer. 

 A vigorous grower, propagating by tips when young, but throwing 

 up some suckers as it grows older. Fruits large, soft, juicy, dark; 

 flavor somewhat musky. Like the Shaffer, it appears to be par- 

 ticularly susceptible to anthracnose. For this reason the origi- 

 nator cuts out the old canes in winter or spring, and depends upon 

 a new growth to produce fruit. 



Carolme. — Originated with S. P. Carpenter, New Rochelle, 

 N. Y., and supposed to be a seedling of Brinckle's Orange, crossed 

 by Golden -cap. Canes hardy and prolific, but not very vigorous. 

 Spines numerous. Fruit medium, roundish -oblate, pale salmon, 

 soft, juicy, subacid, and quality fair. Too soft for market, and 

 dull and unattractive in appearance when over- ripe. The variety 

 suckers freely, and may also be propagated by tips, with care. 



Catawissa. — This variety was found growing in a Quaker grave- 

 yard, in the village of Catawissa, Columbia county. Pa. It was 

 brought to notice by Joshua Pierce, of Washington, D. C. Canes 

 strong, branching, with dark brown bark and few hooked spines. 

 Fruit medium, dark reddish purple, subacid, juicy, and moder- 

 ately good. Vigorous and productive, but tender at the North. 

 Produced fruit in autumn to some extent. Prof. C. G. Page, of 

 Washington, D. C, mentions^ having one seedling from this variety 

 which is a facsimile of the black raspberry, two vigorous, orange 

 colored seedlings of delicious flavor and one real scarlet, simi- 

 lar in flavor to the wild scarlet raspberry of New England. 



Citizen. — A hybrid between Gregg and Cuthbert, produced by 

 Professor William Saunders, London, Ont. On trial at the experi- 

 mental farms of Canada. Promising at first, but less so later. 

 Remarkably productive. — Mich. Exp. Sta. Bull. Ill: 264. 



Colossal.— Sent by I. F. Street, of West Middleton, Ind., to the 

 United States Department of Agriculture, in 1892. A seedling of 

 Shaffer, which it closely resembles. 



Columbian. — Said to be a seedling of the Cuthbert grown near 

 the Gregg, on the grounds of J. T. Thompson, Oneida, N. Y. A 

 variety of the Shaffer type, which it very much resembles. A 

 strong, vigorous grower, and very productive. Fruit large, moder- 

 ately juicy, fairly firm, nearly sweet, somewhat darker in color 

 than the Shaffer, ripening a little later. 



Dictator. — Said to be a cross between Shaffer and Gregg, pro- 

 duced by Luther Burbank, of Santa Rosa, Cal. Canes much like 



*Hov. Mag., 1857: 396. 



