CUTTINGS 343 



planted in the fall. Rich land should be selected, 

 and heavy dressings of well -rotted manure are useful. 



G. A. Marshall, of Arlington, Nebr., gives the fol- 

 lowing method of propagating the currant. As soon 

 as the leaves fall, which is about September first, the 

 cuttings are made, nine inches long, much of the suc- 

 cess of the operation depending upon long cuttings 

 in the dry climate and light soil of Nebraska. They 

 are then buried with the butts up and about three 

 inches beneath the surface of the ground. About the 

 first of November they are taken up and planted in 

 nursery rows, and a ridge of earth thrown over them 

 so that they are covered about two inches deep. 

 In the spring this covering is raked away, so that 

 the tips are left just below the surface of the ground. 

 This method is interesting, because it shows some- 

 thing of the modifications demanded by a dry climate. 



Single -ej^e cuttings under glass, or green -wood cut- 

 tings may be used, but are less satisfactory than hard- 

 wood cuttings, and are only used under special cir- 

 cumstances. Plants may also be grown from layers, 

 and even from tip layers, like the black raspberries, 

 but these methods have little to recommend them. 

 It was formerly advised to cut out all the lower buds 

 in planting cuttings, in order to insure a tree form 

 of growth, but this is seldom practiced now. Plants 

 so grown are of interest as curiosities or novelties, 

 but are not satisfactory in field culture. 



New varieties are grown from seeds, which should 

 be taken as soon as the fruit is ripe. They may be 

 washed from the pulp and dried like vegetable seeds, 



