THE COMPLETE GRAZIER. 



BOOK I. 



Not less is it true that, in the words of a distinguished American 

 orator and statesman, 1 "Agriculture feeds us: to a great degree it 

 clothes us : without it we could not have manufactures, and we should 

 not have commerce. These all stand together ; but they stand together 

 like pillars in a cluster, the largest in the centre and that largest is 

 Agriculture." 



For a long time, many circumstances have co-operated to render 

 live stock an object of the utmost importance to the farmer; and, 

 notwithstanding the marked advances made in other branches of hus- 

 bandiy, nothing has undergone a greater change of system, and few 

 things have received more manifest improvement, than the breeding, 

 rearing, and management of cattle. It will therefore be advantageous 

 to commence with a brief review of the principal breeds of cattle found 

 in the United Kingdom. 



WILD CATTLE of a bull of which fig. 1 is a portrait are still found 

 in Chillingham Park, Northumberland, where they are allowed to roam 



Fig. 1. A Chillingham Bull. 



at large in their primitive state. They are believed by some authorities 

 to be the little modified descendants of the native Caledonian cattle which 

 once roamed over the northern provinces of England and the southern 

 parts of Scotland, and some of which had found their way to the 

 mountains of Wales. 



The following account of the Chillingham cattle is given by the Earl 

 of Tankerville, and the late Mr. Bailey of Chillingham, 2 and, as it was 

 written more than seventy years ago, it possesses an additional interest. 



1 Daniel Webster, at the first Country Meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society of 

 England, at Oxford, 1839 ("Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society," vol. i., third 

 series, 1890, p. 150). 



2 "Agricultural Survey of Northumberland," 3rd edit. p. 141, and "Proceedings of 

 the British Association at Newcastle-upon-Tync in 1838." 



