26 THE COMPLETE GRAZIER. BOOK I. 



hair ; but a false judgment, valuing the muscle between the head and body as 

 only so much inferior and undesirable beef, has tended to lower the masculine 

 standard and to make too many bulls more like steers than stock sires. The 

 bull's shoulders and breast should no more show feminine fineness than his hips 

 and hind-quarters should have the width and squareness of those of the cow. In 

 his general character the bull, as compared with the cow, should be as the lion 

 compared with the lioness. 



" Great length, in male or female, is generally commended' long and low ' is 

 a frequent term of praise. Length, however, should be in fair proportion to 

 depth and width, and duly divided over the fore, middle, and hinder parts. 

 . " In these particulars the beef type of Shorthorns is principally considered. 

 Between that type and the dairy type, modification (corresponding in the two 

 sexes) is gradual, the most distinctively dairy cow being lighter in the neck, often 

 a little longer and narrower in the face, narrower and not so deep in the chest, 

 and proportionately wider and deeper in the hind-quarters, with large milk veins 

 and udder ; the best udder, however, not fleshy or permanently large, but of fine, 

 elastic skin, very considerably shrunk when empty. It should extend well 

 forward, with teats evenly shaped and not too large, set wide apart." 



Fig. 2a. Shorthorn Cow, " Sweetheart." 



Champion at the Royal Agricultural Society's Show at Lincoln, 1907. 

 The property of Lord Calthorpe, Elvetham Park, Hants. 



"We have chosen as our new frontispiece a portrait of " Boyal Duke," 

 one of the best types of the Shorthorn ever produced. He was calved at 

 Windsor in March 1898, his breeder being Her Majesty Queen Victoria, 

 and he subsequently became the property of His Majesty the King. 

 His sire was Prince Victor, and his dam Eosewater. This grand bull 

 was Champion male of his breed at the Boyal Agricultural Shows ol 

 1900, 1901, and 1902, and winner of many other prizes. In 1901 he 

 was Champion Shorthorn bull also at the Boyal Dublin, Boyal Counties, 

 and Highland Shows. He was sold in 1903 to Mr. F. Miller, for 

 exportation to South America, but unfortunately died on the voyage. 



The pre-eminent importance of the Shorthorn has induced us to give 

 also a portrait of the latest Boyal Show Champion bull of that breed, 

 in fig. 2. 



