68 



THE COMPLETE GRAZIER. 



NO. COUNTS. 



1. Head fine and long, muzzle ex- 



panded, eyes large, quiet and 

 gentle expression ... 4 



2. Horns yellow at base, curved, not 



coarse ..... 3 



3. Nose free from black markings . 1 



4. Throat clean, neck thin and rather 



long, not heavy at shoulders . 7 



5. Back level to setting on of tail, 



broad and level across loins and 

 hip. Rump long . . .10 



6. Withers thin, thighs long and thin 4 



7. Barrel long, well hooped, and deep 



at flank 10 



8. Tail fine, reaching hocks, good 



switch 1 



9. Legs short, arms full, fine below 



knee and hocks ... 2 



No. COUNTS. 



10. Hide mellow and flexible to the 



touch, well and closely covered 

 with fine hair. Yellow inside 

 the ears, at the end of tail, and 

 on skin generally ... 12 



11. Fore udder large and extending 



forward and not fleshy, udder 

 full in form and well up behind, 

 with flat sole. Teats rather 

 large, wide apart, and squarely 

 placed ..... 25 



12. Milk veins prominent, long and 



tortuous 6 



13. Escutcheon wide on thighs, high 



and broad, with thigh ovals . 5 



14. Size, general appearance, and ap- 



parent constitution . . .10 



At the Channel Islands Conference of the British Dairy Farmers' 

 Association, May, 1891, a paper on " The Guernsey Cow " was read 

 by Mr. A, T. de Mouilpied, in the course of which it was stated that 

 the old Guernsey cow was generally a white-faced animal, such as may 

 still occasionally be seen in the island. The strong resemblance of 

 the Guernsey and Norman cattle leads to the belief that both were 

 originally one, and that climate, soil, care, and breeding, have produced 

 the differences which now distinguish them. If, however, the far away 

 past is buried in oblivion and uncertainty, there is at least one land- 

 mark which remains, and that is the decisions of the Guernsey Eoyal 

 Court. It is near a century ago, since the Islands passed laws pro- 

 hibiting the disembarkation of all foreign animals on their shores. 

 Fines were levied ; heavy penalties were enacted against any who 

 should land any foreign animal for breeding purposes ; not only the 

 animals, but even the ships that brought them were seized, and im- 

 prisonment awaited the crew. A similar law was passed in Jersey. 

 The spirit of the law is the same to-day as it was a century ago, and 

 no foreign animal can be landed except for slaughtering purposes. 

 No French live cattle are allowed to land at all. Spanish live stock 

 are led direct to the slaughter-house, and a record is kept of all English 

 live stock taken inland, which have to be slaughtered within ten weeks 

 of their arrival under a heavy penalty. Records of all animals have to 

 be made at the Harbour Master's Office. Even Guernsey cattle are 

 prohibited from returning to the island, under penalty of fine and 

 slaughter, with the exception of those sent for exhibition at shows, 

 when special declarations have to be made, both for their exportation 

 from and their re-admission to the island, under heavy penalty. Hence 

 it is claimed that the strain of a century ago is the same as that of 

 to-day, the only difference being that the animal is better bred. This 

 enthusiastic admirer of the breed thus proceeds : 



" The Guernsey cow is no mean animal; she weighs from 900 to 1,200 

 pounds, she is an unpretentious, useful creature, with a form to delight 

 the eye of the practical dairyman, because it means milk. She is of 

 the wedge form, high and broad in the hind quarter, narrowing towards 



