THE COMPLETE GRAZIER. 



BOOK I. 



Hence, it remains true in practice, that these opinions "awards " as 

 they are technically termed under the auspices of an agricultural society 

 are not generally received as being true expressions of the value of the 

 animal or animals under inspection, or "judging; " but, being looked 

 upon more as expressions of individual opinion, are valued and set down 

 accordingly. It is not therefore to be wondered at, that these opinions, 

 or "awards," give rise to much discussion and sometimes to dissatis- 

 faction. Hence it is that attempts have been made to institute 



S & 



Fig. 43. Index of Points in a Typical Ideal Specimen of Aberdeen-Angus. 



(FROM THE POLLED HERD BOOK, 1889.) 



1. Forehead and Face. 



2. Muzzle. 



3. Nostril. 



4. Eye. 



5. Ears. 



6. Poll. 



7. Jaws. 



8. Throat. 



9. Shoulders. 

 10. Chest. 



11. Bosom (or Brisket). 



12. Fore Ribs. 



13. Back Ribs. 



14. Crops. 



15. Loins. 



16. Back. 



17. Hooks. 



18. Kump. 



19. Hindquarters. 



20. Thigh. 



21. Twist. 



22. Tail, and Setting on. 



23. Udder. 



24. Underline. 



25. Flank. 



26. Legs and Bone. 



27. Hock. 



28. Forearm. 



some other method of arriving at an opinion as to the value of 

 cattle, especially where they are exhibited at shows, and are there- 

 fore as a consequence looked up to, or likely to be looked up to, as 

 " models." 



The subject is of great practical importance, and should be so 

 discussed and decided that a system which can be relied upon for 

 accuracy may be established. Such discussion has to a certain extent 

 been forthcoming; and, amongst the papers which it has produced, 

 perhaps one of the most valuable is that published by Mr. Alexander 

 Bruce, Chief Inspector of Live Stock for New South Wales, and 

 which first appeared in this country in the pages of " The Farmer.' 5 



