CHAP. vr. MANAGEMENT OF CALVES. 135 



months quite sweet during the remainder of the week. The newly 

 dropped calves suck their dams for about a week. The following week 

 they are fed upon boiled new milk, about five pints being the allowance 

 given morning and evening. Then for a fortnight the principal diet is 

 skimmed milk, after which a little of Simpson's Calf Meal is substi- 

 tuted in lieu of some of the milk, the one being increased and the other 

 diminished as time goes on. When the supply of skim-milk 

 obtained as above explained runs short towards the end of any week, 

 a mixture of new milk and water is substituted in its place. Some oats 

 and mash are given, then oilcake and mixed meal, the quantity being 

 gradually increased until an allowance of about 2 Ib. each per day is 

 reached. The calves are got to eat swedes, and so by the time they 

 are ten or twelve weeks old they are weaned from milk and the above 

 calf-meal. They have also hay put before them ad libitum. This diet 

 is continued until the grass comes, when they are turned out to some 

 poor grazing land, and get a mixture of about 2| Ib. of decorticated 

 and linseed cake during the summer, which makes them come into 

 winter- quarters in fresh condition. This winter (1889 90) Mr. Tread- 

 well has reared upwards of eighty calves in the manner described. He 

 concludes his valuable communication in the following significant 

 terms : " Cattle, sheep, and horses all graze together, my aim being to 

 breed as many head of each class as I can, and to. make fat and sell out 

 as many as I can without buying. I wish to do away with the middle- 

 man, or rather, keep his profits to myself making one thing fit in 

 with another all round, as in these times I cannot afford to leave my 

 corner to be filled up by some one else." 



Mr. Garrett Taylor, of Norwich, gives the following account of the 

 system of rearing pure Red Polled calves pursued on Whitlingham 

 farm, where the milk is produced for sale. As soon as born, the calves 

 are put into separate cribs, and during the first week they have a daily 

 allowance of about six pints of skim-milk, and after that time a 

 small quantity of calf-meal, mixed in skim-milk if there is any to 

 spare, and if not in lukewarm water. When the calves begin to eat, 

 equal parts of linseed-cake (ground), malt, Barber's feeding-meal or 

 any condiment meal, mixed with a little cut hay, are given to them 

 daily, and they are kept on this until they are strong enough to take 

 care of theniselves, when they are drafted (five or six together) into a 

 large box, and fed upon roots or grass, according to the time of the 

 year, along with a small quantity of condiment feeding-meal, until they 

 are about four months old, when they are again drafted into larger 

 boxes (this time ten or twelve together), and the diet again altered to 

 a small quantity of sweet silage, some roots or grass, according to the 

 season, and 2 Ib. per head per day of condiment feeding-meal. They 

 are kept on this diet till they are twelve months old, and then turned 

 out to grass, it being very seldom that any cattle on the farm are 

 turned out to the pastures before they have reached that age. 



Mr. R. Rowell, Middle Branton, Newcastle, after trying many 

 methods, has fallen back upon one which he has found to answer best, 

 and by which, with the milk of four cows, he can rear successfully no 



