268 THE COMPLETE GBAZIEK. BOOK n 



small churn, for two or three quarts of cream, adapted for persons who 

 keep one or two cows only and want fresh butter frequently, or for 

 those who wish to test the butter-yielding quality of different samples 

 of cream. The illustration (fig. 62) shows a frame containing two 

 separate vessels, and the churn is made with one, two, or three of 

 them in a frame, the single one being also made with a dwarf frame, 

 to stand on a table. 



The Triangular Concussion Churns, free from beaters (fig. 63), 

 manufactured by Messrs. W. Waide and Sons, Leeds, make butter on 

 the usual principle of concussion, and, in working, must not be over- 



Fig. 63. Triangular Concussion Churn. 



filled. They are made in various sizes to churn from two gallons to 

 forty-five gallons. 



At the Plymouth Meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society, in 1890, 

 the Dairy Supply Company, Ld., exhibited the Instantaneous Butter 

 Maker. The Laval Steam Turbine Separator is employed, and to this 

 the new churn, invented by Dr. De Laval, of Sweden, is attached. It 

 consists of a cylinder about 12 inches long and 4 inches in diameter, 

 within which a dasher revolves at about 3,000 revolutions per minute, 

 being driven by a rope belt, of the same kind as is used to drive a power 

 separator, from the separator spindle. The cream, on leaving the sepa- 

 rator in the usual way, passes over an ingeniously contrived refrigerator 

 of new design, which reduces the temperature as low as possible with a 

 very small consumption of cold water ; it then enters at one end of 

 the cylinder, in the course of its passage through which the cream is 

 churned into butter, and emerges at the other end in a granular form. 

 Dairymen who have had their butter-milk analysed from time to time, 

 know that there is great loss in the present system of churning large 

 quantities of cream, as it is impossible to ensure that every butter 



